Explore the most frequently asked questions about the VIKOR method, including its principles, calculation process, and practical applications. Learn how to find compromise solutions easily using our online VIKOR software.
Basic Concepts
What is the VIKOR method?
VIKOR is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method used to find a compromise solution that balances conflicting criteria.
What does VIKOR stand for?
It stands for VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje, which means “Multi-Criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution” in Serbian.
Who developed the VIKOR method?
It was developed by Serafim Opricovic in the late 1990s.
What is the main idea of VIKOR?
The method aims to identify the best alternative that represents a compromise between the ideal and the worst solutions.
When should VIKOR be used?
When decision-makers need to choose the best option among conflicting criteria, especially when not all criteria can be satisfied equally.
Methodology and Steps
What are the main steps in the VIKOR method?
- Determine the best and worst values for each criterion
- Calculate the utility measure (S) and regret measure (R)
- Compute the VIKOR index (Q)
- Rank alternatives based on Q, S, and R
- Check acceptable advantage and stability conditions
What is the utility measure (S)?
It represents the overall performance of an alternative across all criteria.
What is the regret measure (R)?
It shows the maximum individual regret or worst performance among all criteria.
What is the VIKOR index (Q)?
A value that reflects the compromise ranking of each alternative, combining both S and R with a weight (v).
What is the parameter v in VIKOR?
It represents the weight of the “majority rule” (usually v = 0.5), balancing between group utility (S) and individual regret (R).
Interpretation and Ranking
How are alternatives ranked in VIKOR?
Alternatives are ranked based on their Q values — the smaller the Q, the better the alternative.
What does a smaller Q value mean?
It indicates the alternative is closer to the ideal solution and has better overall performance.
What are the acceptable advantage and stability conditions?
They are conditions used to ensure that the top-ranked alternative is significantly better and stable compared to others.
What if the conditions are not satisfied?
If not satisfied, a set of compromise solutions may be proposed instead of a single best one.
Can VIKOR identify multiple best alternatives?
Yes, if several alternatives have similar Q values within the acceptable range.
Applications
Where is the VIKOR method used?
In areas like project selection, supplier evaluation, technology assessment, and environmental management.
Why is VIKOR popular in decision-making?
Because it provides a logical compromise solution among conflicting criteria.
Can VIKOR handle both quantitative and qualitative data?
Yes, as long as qualitative data are converted into numerical scores.
Is VIKOR suitable for group decision-making?
Yes, multiple experts’ opinions can be aggregated before analysis.
Can VIKOR be combined with other MCDM methods?
Yes, it is often integrated with AHP, DEMATEL, or TOPSIS for hybrid models.
Using the Software
Can VIKOR be performed online?
Yes, you can easily use the VIKOR online software at OnlineOutput.com.
What inputs are required for the software?
A list of criteria, their weights, and performance values for each alternative.
What outputs does the VIKOR software provide?
- S, R, and Q values for each alternative
- Final ranking
- Tables and charts for interpretation
Does the software automatically calculate all steps?
Yes, it performs all computations automatically once data are entered.
Can users export results?
Yes, results can usually be exported for reporting or comparison.
Advanced Topics
How does VIKOR differ from TOPSIS?
TOPSIS ranks based on distance from ideal solutions, while VIKOR emphasizes compromise between overall utility and individual regret.
What happens if two alternatives have the same Q value?
They are considered equally good and may both be part of the compromise set.
Can sensitivity analysis be done in VIKOR?
Yes, you can test how changes in weights or v affect the ranking results.
Can VIKOR handle uncertain data?
The Fuzzy VIKOR method extends VIKOR to deal with uncertainty and linguistic judgments.
Why use VIKOR in multi-criteria problems?
Because it offers a rational and balanced solution when decision-makers need fairness between collective satisfaction and individual concerns.
Experience the Vikor online software: